Insights
Research, methodology, and field notes from the programs we work on.
From the people building the platform with utilities and grid operators.
Policy & Research
What’s changing, and what it means for your programs
For program, compliance, finance, and sustainability teams tracking REC and emissions rules.
Enabling Next-Generation Scope 2 Data
The GHG Protocol Scope 2 revisions will transform what utilities need to deliver to their large customers, shifting from annual emissions factors to hourly CFE data, attestation, and program-specific reporting. Singularity’s research team, who sit on the technical working group writing these revisions, laid out what buyers need to ask for and what suppliers need to deliver.
C&I sustainability team? The buyer guide tells you exactly what data to ask your utility for and how to evaluate what they deliver.
The Electric Utility’s Guide to the GHG Protocol Scope 2 Revisions
What the upcoming GHG Protocol revisions mean for how utilities calculate and report customer emissions factors, and why most utilities aren’t ready for what it requires.
Your REC Records Are About to Get Audited
FASB’s new standard makes RECs GAAP balance sheet assets subject to the same audit scrutiny as any other asset class. Here’s what that means for utility program infrastructure.
Making Proxy Residual Emission Rates Data More Accessible
Residual mix emissions data is important for Scope 2 market-based accounting, but it’s historically been hard to access. We changed that.
Where Matters: Integrating Deliverability into Voluntary Clean Energy Market Boundaries
A research report on how geographic boundaries affect the integrity of voluntary clean energy market claims.
Data & Methodology
How the numbers get produced
For technical teams evaluating the methodology behind the data.
GRETA Documentation
Technical documentation for GRETA (Generator Real-Time Emissions Assignment), Singularity’s generator-level emissions model deployed at MISO.
Download PDF →CarbonFlow Documentation
Technical documentation for CarbonFlow, Singularity’s framework for tracing carbon emissions from generation sources through to consumption.
Download PDF →Validating Customer Data at Singularity Energy
How we ensure the quality and integrity of the utility data that powers clean energy reporting: the validation logic, edge cases, and tradeoffs involved in working with real-world interval data.
Evaluating the Hourly Emissions Intensity of the US Electricity System
Peer-reviewed research on hourly emissions intensity methodology across US grid regions, published in Environmental Research Letters.
Read paper →Hourly Accounting of Carbon Emissions from Electricity Consumption
The foundational methodology paper on hourly carbon accounting for electricity consumers, published in Environmental Research Letters.
Read paper →From our engineering team
Curious how we build this?
For engineers considering Singularity: how our team works, and what we’ve learned building it. Full archive →
Leverage this AWS feature to securely share S3 files with your users
How to use AWS pre-signed URLs to give users secure, time-limited access to files without exposing your bucket publicly or requiring AWS credentials.
How to Use Sphinx to Document a Python Project Spread over Several Repositories
A practical walkthrough for setting up Sphinx documentation across a multi-repo Python project, with cross-referencing and consistent theming.
How Not To Write An AI SQL Generator
Hard-won lessons from building an AI-powered SQL generation tool: the patterns that failed, the ones that worked, and what to avoid.
Ready to see it on a real program?
One system of record, built to run the program. We’ll walk through how Singularity applies to your program structure. 30 minutes, focused on your program.
Get a demo →Large C&I buyer? If you want hourly clean energy data from your utility, ask them about the platform. The Georgia Power deployment with Google is an example of what that looks like.